{"id":81914,"date":"2023-01-19T21:00:06","date_gmt":"2023-01-19T18:00:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.coinmuhendisi.com\/?p=81914"},"modified":"2023-01-19T20:20:56","modified_gmt":"2023-01-19T17:20:56","slug":"blockchain-katmanlari-nedir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/coinmuhendisi.com\/blog\/blockchain-katmanlari-nedir\/","title":{"rendered":"Blockchain Katmanlar\u0131 Nedir?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Blockchain Mimarisi\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Blockchain, bilgilerin nas\u0131l sakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve aktar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda devrim yaratt\u0131.\u00a021. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r a\u00e7an bir yenili\u011fi olarak biliniyor ve yak\u0131nda kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z g\u00fcnl\u00fck internet uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olacak.\u00a0Ancak Blockchain’in i\u015fleyi\u015fi, karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 \u00e7o\u011fu ki\u015fiye yabanc\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0Bu yaz\u0131da, bir blok zincirinin nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve blok zincirindeki farkl\u0131 katmanlar\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan en basit \u015fekilde \u00e7\u00f6zelim.<\/p>\n

Basit\u00e7e s\u00f6ylemek gerekirse, blockchain, i\u015flem kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 saklayan da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir defterdir.\u00a0\u00d6rne\u011fin, Bitcoin, Bitcoin blok zinciri taraf\u0131ndan desteklenmektedir ve Bitcoin’lerin g\u00f6nderildi\u011fi ve al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 her i\u015flem blok zincirine kaydedilir.\u00a0\u015eeffafl\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle geleneksel kay\u0131t tutma ve do\u011frulamaya etkili bir alternatiftir.\u00a0Yani, halka a\u00e7\u0131k bir blok zincirindeki her i\u015flem herkes taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclenebilir.<\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca, bir blok zinciri tek bir varl\u0131\u011fa ait de\u011fildir, ancak i\u015flemlerin do\u011frulanmas\u0131na kat\u0131lan herkese aittir.\u00a0Bu, tek bir ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k noktas\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131r, yani bir blok zinciri hacklemek neredeyse imkans\u0131zd\u0131r \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc blok zinciri i\u00e7in bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 \u200b\u200bnoktas\u0131 yoktur.\u00a0\u015eeffafl\u0131k sa\u011flar, arac\u0131lar\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131r ve operasyonel maliyetleri en aza indirir.<\/p>\n

Art\u0131k blok zincirinin temellerini tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131za g\u00f6re, \u015fimdi blok zinciri teknolojisinin katmanlar\u0131na ve her birinin i\u015flevine derinlemesine dalal\u0131m.<\/p>\n

Blok zinciri temel olarak 5 katmandan olu\u015fur: donan\u0131m altyap\u0131s\u0131 katman\u0131, veri katman\u0131, a\u011f katman\u0131, mutabakat katman\u0131 ve uygulama katman\u0131.\u00a0Her katman\u0131n benzersiz bir i\u015flevi vard\u0131r.\u00a0Bu katmanlar birlikte, blok zincirini arka u\u00e7taki veri y\u00f6netiminden \u00f6n u\u00e7taki kullan\u0131c\u0131ya d\u00f6n\u00fck uygulamalar\u0131 etkinle\u015ftirmeye kadar eksiksiz bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm haline getirir.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Donan\u0131m Katman\u0131<\/h2>\n

Blok zincirleri, e\u015fler aras\u0131 bilgi payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131na dayan\u0131r.\u00a0Blok zincirinin bilgi i\u015flem g\u00fcc\u00fcne katk\u0131da bulunan bilgisayar a\u011f\u0131, donan\u0131m katman\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturur.\u00a0En \u00f6nemlisi, blok zincirleri, onlar\u0131 olu\u015fturan t\u00fcm d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerin bir toplam\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm, i\u015flemlerin \u015fifresini \u00e7\u00f6zen bir bilgisayar veya bilgisayar a\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Veri Katman\u0131<\/h2>\n

Donan\u0131m katman\u0131ndan sonraki katman, i\u015flemlerin detaylar\u0131n\u0131n sakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 veri katman\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0Bir blokta (blok zincirinin temel birimi) saklanan i\u015flem, g\u00f6nderilen kriptonun, al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n genel anahtar\u0131n\u0131n ve g\u00f6nderenin \u00f6zel anahtar\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir.\u00a0Veri i\u00e7eren her blok, bir \u00f6nceki blo\u011fa ve olu\u015fturulan bir sonraki blo\u011fa ba\u011flan\u0131r.\u00a0Yaln\u0131zca a\u011f\u0131n ilk blo\u011fu olan genesis blo\u011fu geriye de\u011fil ileriye do\u011fru ba\u011flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

<\/span>A\u011f Katman\u0131<\/h2>\n

Bu katman, bir blok zincirindeki d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmler aras\u0131ndaki ileti\u015fimi ele al\u0131r.\u00a0Blockchain a\u00e7\u0131k bir sistem oldu\u011fundan, her d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcn di\u011fer d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerin do\u011frulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015flemler hakk\u0131nda bilgi sahibi olmas\u0131 gerekir.\u00a0A\u011f katman\u0131 bu ileti\u015fimi sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Fikir Birli\u011fi Katman\u0131<\/h2>\n

Bu katman, bir blo\u011fun do\u011frulanmas\u0131ndan sorumlu olan katmand\u0131r.\u00a0Bir \u00f6rnek kullanarak mutabakat katman\u0131n\u0131 anlayal\u0131m.\u00a0Mert ve Talha blok zincirinde iki do\u011frulay\u0131c\u0131 oldu\u011funu varsayal\u0131m. \u015eifresi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi ve bir blo\u011fa eklenmesi gereken i\u015flemleri al\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

Mert ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015flemler \u015funlard\u0131r: A ve B<\/p>\n

Talha’n\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015flemler \u015funlard\u0131r: B ve C<\/p>\n

Hem John hem de Mark i\u015flemleri do\u011frular ve bunlar\u0131 blok zincirine eklerse, B i\u015flemi blok zincirine iki kez yaz\u0131l\u0131r.\u00a0Bu da \u00e7ifte harcama olaca\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir.\u00a0Bundan ka\u00e7\u0131nmak i\u00e7in John ve Mark, \u015fifreli bir matematik bulmacas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in rekabet eder ve \u00e7\u00f6zer ve ilk \u00e7\u00f6zen, blo\u011fu blok zincirine ekleyen ki\u015fi olur.\u00a0Bu mutabakat mekanizmas\u0131 bi\u00e7imi Proof of Work olarak bilinir.<\/p>\n

Proof of Stake<\/a>\u00a0(POS) durumunda\u00a0, do\u011frulay\u0131c\u0131 sistem taraf\u0131ndan rastgele se\u00e7ilir.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Uygulama Katman\u0131<\/h2>\n

Blockchain’deki Uygulama katman\u0131, uygulamalar\u0131n \u00fczerine in\u015fa edildi\u011fi katmand\u0131r.\u00a0Bu uygulamalar herhangi bir \u015fey olabilir.\u00a0C\u00fczdanlar, Sosyal Medya Uygulamalar\u0131, Taray\u0131c\u0131lar,\u00a0Defi Uygulamalar\u0131<\/a>\u00a0ve NFT platformlar\u0131 bunlardan birka\u00e7\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0Uygulaman\u0131n kullan\u0131c\u0131 aray\u00fcz\u00fc\/kullan\u0131c\u0131 deneyimi di\u011fer herhangi bir normal uygulama gibi olsa da aradaki fark, bu uygulamalar\u0131n arka ucundaki veri depolaman\u0131n merkezi olmayan yap\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

<\/span>A\u00e7\u0131klanan<\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

<\/div>\n
    \n
  • Katman 0 blok zinciri<\/li>\n
  • Katman 1 blok zinciri<\/li>\n
  • Katman 2 blok zinciri<\/li>\n
  • Katman 3 blok zinciri<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    <\/span>Katman 0<\/h3>\n

    Blok zincirinin kendisi, s\u0131f\u0131r katman\u0131 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.\u00a0Blockchain’i ger\u00e7e\u011fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in gereken bile\u015fenler internet, donan\u0131m ve di\u011fer bir\u00e7ok ba\u011flant\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0Katman s\u0131f\u0131r blok zinciri, Bitcoin, Ethereum ve \u00e7ok daha fazlas\u0131 gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli a\u011flar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na izin veren blok zincirinin ilk a\u015famas\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0Katman 0 ayr\u0131ca blok zincirine yukar\u0131dan farkl\u0131 katmanlara zincirler aras\u0131 birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilirlik ileti\u015fimi olana\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flar.\u00a0Katman 0, blockchain i\u00e7in temel altyap\u0131y\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

    <\/span>Katman 1<\/h3>\n

    Katman 1 blok zinciri, katman 0’daki bir geli\u015fmedir. Bu katman\u0131n alt\u0131nda, blok zinciri a\u011f\u0131 i\u015flevsel olarak korunur.\u00a0Bununla birlikte, \u00f6l\u00e7eklendirme, birinci katman blok zincirinde bir s\u0131n\u0131rlamad\u0131r.\u00a00. katmandaki yeni protokolde meydana gelen herhangi bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik ve sorun, 1. katman\u0131 da etkiler. Buna uygulama katman\u0131 da denir.\u00a0Birinci katman blok zincirlerine \u00f6rnek olarak Bitcoin, Ethereum, Cardano, Ripple vb. verilebilir.<\/p>\n

    <\/span>Katman 2<\/h3>\n

    Katman 0, katman 2 taraf\u0131ndan kald\u0131r\u0131lan bir\u00e7ok etkile\u015fime sahiptir. Belirli blok zincirleri i\u00e7in katman 2, \u00f6l\u00e7eklendirme \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr.\u00a0\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc taraf entegrasyonu ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r ve 1. katman\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131n\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131r. POW a\u011flar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7eklendirme sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in en pop\u00fcler yakla\u015f\u0131md\u0131r.\u00a0\u015eu anda, \u00e7e\u015fitli end\u00fcstriler ikinci katman teknolojileri uygulamaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    <\/span>Katman 3<\/h3>\n

    Katman 3 blok zinciri, “uygulama katman\u0131” olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.\u00a0Bu katman\u0131n ana g\u00f6revi, DAapp’leri ve di\u011fer uygulamalar\u0131 etkinle\u015ftiren di\u011fer bir\u00e7ok protokol\u00fc bar\u0131nd\u0131rmakt\u0131r.\u00a0Burada, blockchain protokol\u00fc, uygulama ve y\u00fcr\u00fctme olmak \u00fczere iki \u00f6nemli alt katmana ayr\u0131l\u0131r.\u00a0Ger\u00e7ek birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilirlik hedefine ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in zincirler aras\u0131 yeteneklere sahip blok zincirlerini ay\u0131rmak i\u00e7in yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

    <\/span>Katmanlar Aras\u0131ndaki Farklar 0,1,2,3<\/h3>\n
    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Katman 0<\/strong><\/td>\nBu katman donan\u0131ma, protokollere ve di\u011fer temel \u00f6\u011felere sahiptir.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    katman 1<\/strong><\/td>\nBlok zincirinin uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc, mutabakat mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131 ve programlamas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr.\u00a0\u00d6rnekler: Bitcoin blok zinciri, Ethereum blok zinciri<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Katman 2<\/strong><\/td>\nLayer 0 ve 1’den daha iyi \u00f6l\u00e7eklendirme kabiliyetine sahiptir. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc parti \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerle entegre olabilme kabiliyetine sahiptir.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Katman 3<\/strong><\/td>\nBu katman, dApp’leri ve di\u011fer kullan\u0131c\u0131ya y\u00f6nelik uygulamalar\u0131 bar\u0131nd\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

    <\/span>Blockchain \u00d6l\u00e7eklenebilirli\u011fi nedir?<\/h3>\n
    \n
    \"Blockchain<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

    Blockchain \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilirli\u011fi, a\u011f\u0131n belirli bir a\u011fdaki artan i\u015flem ve d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc destekleme yetene\u011fidir.\u00a0Blok zincirinde, saniye ba\u015f\u0131na i\u015flemler kaydedilir.\u00a0G\u00fcn ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e blockchain teknolojisindeki yeni geli\u015fmelere tan\u0131k oluyoruz;\u00a0Bu geli\u015fmelerle birlikte saniye ba\u015f\u0131na i\u015flemler de art\u0131yor.\u00a0Bu y\u00fczden blockchain \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilirli\u011fi olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    G\u00fcvenlik, g\u00fc\u00e7 da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra bir blockchain a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ana \u00f6zelli\u011fidir.\u00a0Blockchain protokolleri, verileri a\u011f sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131ndan korumak i\u00e7in yap\u0131l\u0131r.\u00a0Blockchain’deki \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilirlik, gelecekteki b\u00fcy\u00fcmeyi ve y\u00fcksek i\u015flem hacmini destekler.\u00a0Merkezi platformlar, eski s\u00fcr\u00fcmler vb. ile rekabet edebilmek i\u00e7in blok zincirinde bir\u00e7ok teknolojik geli\u015fme sa\u011flad\u0131.\u00a0\u00d6l\u00e7eklenebilirlik, blockchain’in kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funa bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

    Ayr\u0131ca, “\u00d6l\u00e7eklenebilirlik \u00fc\u00e7lemi”, g\u00fcvenlik, \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilirlik ve merkezi olmayan y\u00f6netim gibi \u00fc\u00e7 \u00f6zelli\u011fi ele almak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan ba\u015fka bir terimdir.\u00a0Bildi\u011fimiz gibi, her blockchain teknolojisi \u015fu anda sadece iki \u00f6zellik \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor, en fazla \u00fc\u00e7 \u00f6zellik \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.\u00a0En h\u0131zl\u0131 ve en g\u00fcvenli \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilir a\u011fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    <\/span>Blockchain G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Nedir?<\/h2>\n

    Blockchain sisteminde, bilgisayarlar e\u015fler aras\u0131 bir a\u011fda birbirine ba\u011flan\u0131r.\u00a0D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k a\u011f \u00fczerinde yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, bilgisayar korsanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan %51 oran\u0131nda sald\u0131r\u0131 riski vard\u0131r.\u00a0Ayr\u0131ca, verilerin manip\u00fcle edilme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 e\u015fittir.\u00a0Blockchain g\u00fcvenli\u011fi, yaln\u0131zca blockchain d\u0131\u015f risklere kar\u015f\u0131 korunuyorsa sa\u011flanabilir.<\/p>\n

    <\/span>\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm<\/h2>\n

    Blockchain teknolojisinin anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 karma\u015f\u0131kt\u0131r, ancak biraz \u00e7aba ile onun kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve uygulamalar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilebilir.\u00a0Bu teknoloji alan\u0131nda h\u0131zl\u0131 geli\u015fmeler ya\u015fan\u0131yor.\u00a0Birka\u00e7 h\u00fck\u00fcmet ve kurulu\u015f blok zincirine dikkat ediyor ve ayn\u0131 \u015feyi \u00e7e\u015fitli alanlarda uyguluyor.\u00a0Bu noktada teknolojinin ve veri y\u00f6netiminin gelece\u011fini \u00e7ok iyi tan\u0131mlayabilen blockchain’i herkesin anlamas\u0131 gerekli hale geliyor.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    \u00a0Bu Da ilginizi \u00e7ekebilir :\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n